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Various modern applications of empirical electron density models need realistic structures of the electron density&#13; distribution with smaller scales than the model background. Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs) produce&#13; three dimensional and time dependent disturbances of the background ionization. We present a TID model&#13; suitable to «modulate» large scale electron density distributions by multiplication. A model TID takes into account&#13; the forward tilt of the disturbance wave front, a distinct vertical structure, a fan type horizontal radiation&#13; characteristic, geometric dilution and attenuation. More complicated radiation patterns can be constructed by&#13; means of superposition. The model TIDs originate from source regions which can be chosen arbitrarily. We show&#13; examples for TID modulations of the background model family developed at Trieste and Graz (NeQuick, COSTprof&#13; and NeUoG-plas)

The TID model for modulation of large scale electron density models