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Terrestrial heat flow density, q, is inversely correlated with the age, t, of tectono-magmatic activity in the Earth's&#13; crust (Polyak and Smirnov, 1966; etc.). «Heat flow-age dependence» indicates unknown temporal heat sources in&#13; the interior considered a priori as the mantle-derived diapirs. The validity of this hypothesis is demonstrated by&#13; studying the helium isotope ratio, 3He/4He = R, in subsurface fluids. This study discovered the positive correlation&#13; between the regionally averaged (background) estimations of R- and q-values (Polyak et al., 1979a). Such a correlation&#13; manifests itself in both pan-regional scales (Norhtern Eurasia) and separate regions, e.g., Japan (Sano et al.,&#13; 1982), Eger Graben (Polyak et al., 1985) Eastern China rifts (Du, 1992), Southern Italy (Italiano et al., 2000), and&#13; elsewhere. The R-q relation indicates a coupled heat and mass transfer from the mantle into the crust. From considerations&#13; of heat-mass budget this transfer can be provided by the flux consisting of silicate matter rather than He&#13; or other volatiles. This conclusion is confirmed by the correlation between 3He/ 4He and 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the products&#13; of the volcanic and hydrothermal activity in Italy (Polyak et al., 1979b; Parello et al., 2000) and other places.&#13; Migration of any substance through geotemperature field transports thermal energy accumulated within this substance,&#13; i.e. represents heat and mass transfer. Therefore, only the coupled analysis of both material and energy&#13; aspects of this transfer makes it possible to characterise the process adequately and to decipher an origin of terrestrial&#13; heat flow observed in upper parts of the earth crust. An attempt of such kind is made in this paper

Heat and mass transfer from the mantle: heat flow and He-isotope constraints