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This chapter seeks to shed light on de-institutionalisation and the way people are ‘ageing in place’ in Mediterranean countries, based on case studies developed in the context of the COST Action IS1102 SO.S. COHESION – Social services, welfare states and places. Israel, Malta and Spain are chosen to represent diversity in size and demography, but also in culture, religion, history and sociopolitical context. De-institutionalisation can be defined as a policy emphasising care in or by the community rather than care within an institution, but it also refers to the prevention of institutional placements (Bachrach, 1976). Although the deinstitutionalisation movement was mobilised by criticism addressed at mental health institutions, it expanded to also include the care of older people, children and persons with disabilities (Lerman, 1985; EEGTICC, 2012). The concomitant need for an expansion of appropriate community-based services makes de-institutionalisation an important object of study (Bachrach, 1976; Fakhoury and Priebe, 2007; EEGTICC, 2012). De-institutionalisation of care for older people has been studied in the Nordic, Central and Eastern European countries (Deusdad et al., 2016a), while little is known about how this process has played out in Mediterranean countries (Deusdad et al., 2016b; Pace et al., 2016), in spite of the fact that de-institutionalisation is a subject of the Common European Guidelines (EEGTICC, 2012). Looking at the three Mediterranean countries one notices, first, that the share of older people in institutions has been low, particularly in Spain, compared to other European countries. Second, there are differences as to how far there has been a clear policy

Care for older people in three Mediterranean countries: discourses, policies and realities of de-institutionalisation