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The maintenance of international peace and security is the very first purpose of the United Nations.1 The International Court of Justice, which has a clear understanding of the goal and of its role in achieving it, is the single most important source of international jurisprudence in this area. Contemporary international law relating to the use of force is embodied in two United Nations Charter provisions: article 2(4) establishes the rule of abstention from the threat or the use of force by states against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations; and article 51 embodies the exception, by allowing the exercise of the inherent right of individual or collective self-defense in case of an armed attack against a Member of the United Nations, until the United Nations Security Council has taken the measures necessary to maintain peace and security. All states are bound by these same two norms, which, it has to be noted, have raised multiple interpretations.2

The peace and security judgments: the role of the International Court of Justice in the regulation of the use of force