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Successful Treatment of Aortobronchial Fistula due to Distal Aortic Arch Aneurysm Using Emergency Thoracic Endovascular Repair Taichi Kondo, Satoru Makita, Joji Hoshino and Toshiyuki Maruyama(Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Cardiovascular Surgery, Yokosuka, Japan) Aortobronchial fistula is a rare but fatal condition, if not treated surgically. Conventional graft replacement is usually recommended for eradication of the fistula and infection, but mortality and morbidity remain high. Recently the effectiveness of endovascular repair for such cases has been reported. We encountered a case of an 83-year-old man with aortobronchial fistula due to a distal aortic arch aneurysm. The computed tomography(CT)scan showed severe calcification and stenosis in the abdominal aorta and iliac artery, indicating inadequacy for use as access vessels. The patient presented with hemoptysis, and was treated successfully by endovascular repair via the descending aortic conduit. Although the patient had a history of heavy smoking, he fully recovered after surgery and was discharged without any complication. There are potential risks of recurrence of aortobronchial fistula and infection, and we plan to continue close follow-up. Jpn. J. Cardiovasc. Surg. 46 : 251-254(2017)