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Aims: The objective of this study was to assess the effects of substrate selection on benthic diatom community structure along an urban pollution gradient. Methods: Substrate assessment, diatom and water sampling was done four times, two times in September and October/08 and two times in May and June/09. Species substrate preference was determined using the Indval method. Benthic diatom community structure (species richness, diversity and equitability) in relation to pollution levels was also evaluated. Results: Species richness, diversity and equitability differed significantly among sampling sites, tending to be higher in relatively unpolluted (1, 2, 3 and 7) compared to polluted sites (5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10). Species richness, diversity and equitability did not differ significantly among substrates from the same sites though more species tended to prefer natural, especially vegetation, as indicated by their highest indicator values in this substrate. Conclusion: Substrate differences may affect benthic diatom communities growing on them. Benthic diatoms tend to prefer natural substrates, especially vegetation, compared to artificial substrates, because of the selective nature of the physical and chemical properties of artificial substrates.

Benthic diatom community structure and habitat preferences along an urban pollution gradient in the Monjolinho River, São Carlos, SP, Brazil