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Examples of the application of CALPHAD method to steel processing are discussed. First, a complete stepwise simulation of solidification microsegregation is shown, both with and without back diffusion. Second, solidification of weld pool of Fe-Cr-Ni alloys is simulated using a special method for combining of solute diffusion analysis. Then, a coupled precipitation model is discussed for the estimation of chemical compositions change of nonmetallic inclusions during solidification of steel focusing in HIC resisting steels. Additionally, applications of a coupled reaction model based on local equilibrium calculation at slag-metal interface is presented and its use is demonstrated in the optimization of manganese removal process and in mold powder composition design. Finally, two examples of process condition design to obtain optimized properties are presented. One for controlling the amount and hardness of martensite in thick plates of 0.12%C-steel. Another for determining the solution temperature to obtain uniform and fine distribution of carbides and nitrides. Conditions for anti-erosion properties of bearing steel are also achieved by proper distribution of carbides using an estimation by the CALPHAD method.

APPLICATIONS OF PHASE DIAGRAMS TO STEEL PROCESSING