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espanolObjetivo: determinar la tasa de prevalencia y comorbilidad del trastorno por deficit de atencion con o sin hiperactividad (TDAH) en escolares de 6 a 16 anos de Castilla y Leon (Espana). Material y metodos: estudio poblacional con diseno de muestra polietapico estratificado, proporcional y por conglomerados. Poblacion diana: 212.657. Muestra: 1.095. Se implemento una primera fase psicometrica (Attention-Deficit/Hiperactivity Disorder Rating Scales IV para padres y profesores) y una segunda fase de confirmacion clinica segun criterios DSM-IV. La comorbilidad se estudio mediante el Child Symptom Inventory y confirmacion clinica DSM-IV. Resultados: indican una tasa global de prevalencia del 6,66% (IC 95%: 5,1-8,1%), de los cuales el 1% fueron del subtipo hiperactivo, el 1,27% del subtipo inatento y el 4,38% del subtipo combinado. La tasa de prevalencia en el sexo masculino (8,97%) es significativamente superior a la del sexo femenino (4,17%). No aparecen diferencias significativas por cursos, ni por tipo de centro, ni por zona. La tasa de prevalencia en educacion primaria (6,8%) es similar a la de educacion secundaria (6,48%). El 71% de los casos de TDAH presenta algun tipo de comorbilidad, con un 46% en trastornos de ansiedad, 31% trastornos de comportamiento, 9% trastornos de estado de animo, 10% trastornos por tics y 12% enuresis. Los casos de TDAH presentan significativamente peores resultados academicos y peor conducta en clase. Conclusiones: Castilla y Leon tiene una prevalencia de TDAH proxima a la media mundial, cuyos casos presentan alta comorbilidad y afectacion significativa en el rendimiento academico y comportamiento escolar. EnglishObjective: to determine the prevalence rate of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in school age children (6-16 years) in Castilla y Leon. Subjects and methods: a multi-staged stratified proportional cluster (rural and urban) people sample population study was selected. Target population: 212,657. Sample: 1,095. A psychometric first step (ADHD rating Scales IV for parents and teachers) was used to collect data, and a second one, using DSM-IV criteria, for clinical confirmation. Child Symptom Inventory was used to study comorbidity, and DSM-IV for clinical confirmation. Results: a prevalence of 6.66 % global rate was obtained (IC 95 %: 5.1-8.1%). We also obtained hyperactive subtype 1%; disattentional subtype 1.27 % and combined subtype 4.38%. Prevalence rate in males (8.97%) is significantly higher than in females (4.18%), while for academic levels, schools or areas, differences are not significant. Prevalence rates in Primary School (6.8%) is similar to Secondary School (6.48%). Seventy one percent of the cases of ADHD have some type of comorbidity: anxiety disorders 46%, behavioural disorders 31%, mood disorders 9%, tics disorders 10%, and enuresis 12%. ADHD cases have significantly worse academic results and worse classroom behaviour. Conclusions: prevalence rates of ADHD in Castilla y Leon are very close to the world average. The cases have high comorbidity and present impairment in academic performance and scholar behaviour.

Estudio psicométrico-clínico de prevalencia y comorbilidad del trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad en Castilla y León (España)