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espanolLos estudios epidemiologicos mas recientes a nivel mundial han puesto de manifiesto una asociacion entre el trabajo nocturno (15-20% de los trabajadores) y un aumento del riesgo de cancer de mama, siendo esta, una patologia de gran prevalencia y la primera causa de neoplasia en el sexo femenino. En el ano 2007, la IARC considero el trabajo nocturno como probable cancerigeno (categoria 2A). Los turnos nocturnos producen una disrupcion del ritmo circadiano. La exposicion a la luz artificial nocturna inhibe la sintesis de melatonina aumentando el estimulo estrogenico, e inhibiendo el efecto antimitotico, antiangiogenico y antioxidante de esta hormona, aumentando asi el riesgo tumoral. Los objetivos son: identificar la evidencia cientifica existente entre la asociacion trabajo nocturno y cancer de mama, los factores intrinsecos/extrinsecos que pueden modificar la asociacion causal, conocer desde el punto de vista cientifico la sostenibilidad de la melatonina en la chrono-disrupcion y los factores de vulnerabilidad. Se ha realizado la busqueda bibliografica de articulos publicados entre 2006-diciembre 2012 (exceptuando un meta-analisis del 2005), en las siguientes bases datos: Medline, Wok, Lilacs, OSH, IBECS, Cochrane, Scopus y Embase. Se seleccionaron por nivel de evidencia y criterios de inclusion-exclusion un total de 15 articulos. Se sugiere la existencia de una asociacion no concluyente entre el riesgo de cancer de mama y trabajo nocturno, por lo que se deben seguir realizando estudios mas precisos en diferentes tipos de profesiones, etnias, minimizando la posibilidad de sesgos. EnglishRecent epidemiological studies worldwide have shown an association between night shift (15-20% of workers) and an increased risk of breast cancer, this being a highly prevalent disease and the leading cause of neoplasia in women. In 2007, the IARC considered night shift as a probable carcinogen (category 2A). Night shifts produce a circadian rhythm disruption. The exposure to artificial light at night produce an inhibition in the synthesis of melatonin, increasing the estrogenic stimulus, and inhibiting the antimitotic, antiangiogenic and antioxidant effects of this hormone, increasing the risk of neoplasia. The aims of this review are to identify the scientific evidence in the association between night shift and breast cancer, to identify the intrinsic or extrinsic factors that can modify this causal association and to improve the knowledge concerning the scientific sustainability of the effect of melatonin in the chrono-disruption and vulnerabilities for breast cancer in woman. A literature search has been performed from 2006 to December 2012 from the following scientific data- bases: Medline, Wok, Lilacs, OSH, IBECS, Cochrane, Scopus and Embase. 15 articles were selected taking into account the level of evidence, according with SGIN criteria, and the full-filed inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results suggests there are not a conclusive association between risk for breast cancer and night shift. So further studies should be more accurate in different occupations, ethnic groups, minimizing the possibility of bias.

Riesgo de cáncer de mama en trabajadoras de turno nocturno