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Background and Objectives:Previously we reported a significant reductionin the numerical density of oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte clusters in the inferiorparietal lobule (IPL) in schizophrenia that was associated with lack of insight. We alsofound a significant decrease in the number of perineuronal oligodendrocytes (PnOl) in theprefrontal cortex in schizophrenia and therefore we hypothesized that there may also be adeficit of PnOl in the IPL in schizophrenia and that it could be associated with poor insight.Methods:We estimated the number of PnOl adjacent to pyramidal neurons in layer 3 ofBA39 and BA40 in Nissl stained sections from 24 males with schizophrenia and 24 nor-mal male controls from the Stanley Parietal Collection. The schizophrenia group was di-vided into three subgroups based on level of insight: poor, fair or good.Results: We found a significant deficit of PnOl in layer 3 of BA39 and BA40 in theschizophrenia group as compared to the control group (p<0.01). In the control group butnot in the schizophrenia group in BA39 the number of PnOl was significantly higher in theleft hemisphere compared to the right hemisphere. In schizophrenia, in BA39 the numberof PnOl was decreased in the subgroup with poor insight vs. controls. In BA40 the sub-groups with both poor and fair insight were decreased vs. controls (p<0.01). In BA40 thesubjects with fair insight also differed from those with good insight (p<0.01).Conclusions:The reduction of PnOl in the IPL in schizophrenia is associated with im-paired insight and lack of hemispheric asymmetry.

Deficit of perineuronal oligodendrocytes in the inferior parietal lobule is associated with lack of insight in schizophrenia