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A compact nucleated precipitation technology using two fluidised sand columns in series was developed to pretreat model metal-plating wastewater containing high concentrations of Cu(II) and Cr(VI). Since either Cu(II) precipitation or Cr(VI) co-removal with Cu(II) precipitation was found to be highly pH dependent in batch tests, the continuous-flow studies were conducted under different pHs. Experimental results show that high pH has no positive influence on either Cr(VI) or Cu(II) removal in the continuous-flow fluidised metal stripper technology. Operation at pH 6.5 in both columns can obtain significantly higher levels of both total Cr(VI) and total Cu(II) removal compared with work at pH 9.5 in both columns and work at pH 6.5 and 9.5 in the 1st and 2nd columns, respectively

Optimum pHs for Cr(VI) co-removal with nucleated Cu(II) precipitation in continuous-flow fluidised metal strippers