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Purpose: To identify the metabolites of gardenin A (GA) in rat liver microsomes (RLMs) using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion-trap Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLCLTQ- Orbitrap). Methods : The sample was prepared by incubating GA (100 μg/mL) with RLMs (0.5 mg/mL) for 8 h. Then 5 μL of the sample was injected into UHPLC-LTQ- orbitrap mass spectrometer. The metabolites of GA were tentatively identified based on accurate mass measurements, fragmentation patterns, chromatographic retention times, and bibliography data. Results : A total of 12 metabolites were detected and identified. Based on their  structures, the main reactions in the metabolism of GA are de-methoxylation and de-methylation. Conclusion : This is the first report on in vitro metabolites of GA. These results are considered very helpful for better comprehension of the metabolism of GA and its pharmacological effects. Keywords : Gardenin A, Metabolites, UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap, Rat Liver microsomes

tropical journal of pharmaceutical research

Identification of metabolites of gardenin A in rat liver microsomes using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion-trap Orbitrap mass spectrometry