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Situee a proximite de Kinshasa, la province du Bas-Congo (R.D. Congo) est l\'une des principales pourvoyeuses en produits vivriers de cette ville. Par consequent, l\'augmentation de la pression sur les ressources naturelles s\'accentue. L\'analysediachronique du paysage peut servir a montrer l\'effet des actions anthropiques sur l\'occupation du sol de cette province. La presente etude a pour but la quantification de la dynamique paysagere dans une zone test de cette province entre 1960 et 2005. Elle a permis, grâce a la matrice de transition appuyee par le calcul d\'indices de structure spatiale, de montrer que l\'occupation du sol a profondement change. La matrice du paysage, initialement constituee par les forets secondaires (49,95% du paysage), s\'est degradee au profit des savanes (qui ont conquis 14,23% des forets secondaires) et des jacheres et champs (qui ont conquis 27,23% des forets secondaires). L\'etude a ainsi revele trois processus de transformation du paysage: la savanisation, la fragmentation de l\'ecosysteme forestier et enfin une la formation de foret dense (succession). Ces changements – excepte la succession – sont principalement dus a des perturbations anthropiques.La pression demographique et les pratiques agricoles non durables ont oriente la modification de l\'occupation du sol. Les ecosystemes forestiers ont ete substitues par des ecosystemes anthropises menacant alors la biodiversite de cette zone. Situated nearby Kinshasa, the Bas-Congo province (Democratic Republic of the Congo) is one of the principal providers of food products of this city. Consequently, an increased anthropogenic pressure on natural resources is observed. Analysis of the landscape dynamics can be used to demonstrate the impact of human activities on land cover in this province. The objective of this study is to quantify landscape dynamics between 1960 and 2005 in a test zone situatedin the aforementioned province Based on the interpretation of the transition matrix and on the calculation of spatial pattern metrics, a profound change of land cover has been shown. The landscape matrix, initially constituted by secondary forests (49.95% of the landscape), has been degraded and replaced by savannah vegetation (substitution of 14.23%of the secondary forests) and mosaics of fallow land and fields (substitution of 27.23% of the secondary forests). Three spatial processes of land transformation have been identified: creation of savannah, forest degradation or fragmentation, and formation of dense forest (succession). These changes – except succession – are mainly due to anthropogenic disturbance. Demographic pressure and unsustainable agricultural practices have contributed to the change of land cover. Forest ecosystems are substituted by anthropogenic ecosystems which indicates a threat to the biodiversity of this area. Keywords : Landscape dynamics, land cover, anthropogenic pressure, agricultural system, Central Congo Province, biodiversity. Sciences & Nature Vol. 5 (1) 2008: pp. 49-60

Influence des actions anthropiques sur la dynamique spatio-temporelle de l\'occupation du sol dans la province du Bas-Congo (R.D. Congo).