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4.19±0.63 ml/min; P=NS). GFR was comparable in the two groups (0.77±0.05 vs. 0.88±0.06 ml/min; P=NS). No significant difference in serum creatinine was observed (57.8±7.5 vs. 49.0±2.7 μmol/l; P=NS). Renal histology showed minimal interstitial changes in the experimental group. Interestingly, significant sodium (P<0.01); potassium (P<0.05) and chloride (P<0.05) retention were observed in the lead treated rats. Elevation of blood pressure occurred at a stage when low-level lead exposure did not alter renal function parameters appreciably. These results suggest that hypertension may be a forerunner of significant renal damage following chronic exposure to low-levels of lead and further underscore fluid and electrolyte retention as a significant mechanism responsible for elevated blood pressure in the chronic stages of lead exposure.

Effect Of Chronic Exposure To Low Levels Of Lead On Renal Function And Renal Ultrastructure In SD Rats