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Lake Alaotra is the largest lake on Madagascar and is a centre of rice and freshwater fish production. The lake and its wetland also provide important habitat for endemic wildlife. In 2003 the Alaotra wetland system was designated a Ramsar site and has subsequently been recognized as an official protected area by the Government of Madagascar. While community-based conservation initiatives have led to active involvement of some lakeside communities in the conservation of the aquatic system, wetland destruction continues. The extent to which individuals within these communities perceive the protection of the environment as their priority remains unclear. The current study collected socio - economic data from fishers and rice cultivators living in Anororo, a small town situated on the west coast of Lake Alaotra. Results suggest that livelihood security within these groups is limited. While they hope for better protection of the environment their primary concern is for external investment in their professions. These results highlight the need for solutions to be found to meet current livelihood priorities while efforts continue to conserve natural resources for the future. RESUME Le lac Alaotra est le plus grand lac de Madagascar et il est un centre de production rizicole et piscicole. Le lac qui a une superficie de 20,000 ha et les zones humides qui l’entourent constituent aussi un habitat important pour des especes fauniques endemiques. Les initiatives de conservation communautaire impliquant des communautes riveraines dans les actions de protection du systeme aquatique n’empechent pas la destruction des zones humides. L’extension des rizieres dans les marais de la Nouvelle Aire Protegee (NAP) que des gens de ces communautes pratiquent, montre que ceux-ci percoivent mal l’importance de la protection de l’environnement, et qu’ils sont loin de pouvoir la considerer en tant que priorite. L’etude actuelle est basee sur des donnees socio-economiques recoltees aupres de pecheurs et de cultivateurs d’Anororo, un grand village situe sur la rive ouest du lac Alaotra. Les resultats montrent que la securite alimentaire de ces groupes sociaux est limitee car s’ils souhaitent une meilleure protection de l’environnement, leur premiere inquietude les incite a investir dans leurs professions. Ces resultats soulignent la necessite de trouver des solutions pour assurer les moyens de subsistance tout en developpant la conservation des ressources naturelles pour le futur. La valorisation de l’utilisation durable des ressources naturelles lacustres et palustres de la NAP sous forme d’activites artisanales generatrices de revenus familiaux ameliorera cette subsistance. Elle sera a proposer dans le Plan d’Amenagement et de Gestion Environnementale et Sociale, a elaborer et a adopter prochainement au niveau de chacune des seize communes peripheriques du lac dont celle d’Anororo.

Voices from the marsh: Livelihood concerns of fishers and rice cultivators in the Alaotra wetland