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The wet zone Alaotra consists of the largest lake of Madagascar with about 20,000 ha of open-water and up to 23,000 ha of marshes. This wet zone is unique by the presence of an endemic fauna, and its marshes consist of a monospecific vegetation. The local communities directly depend on this wet zone with fishing and agriculture being an integral part of the region’s economy. Consequently, various anthropological pressures such as burning of the vegetation, over-fishing, pollution of the lake by the use of weed-killers, and sedimentation of the watersheds due to heavy erosions of the surrounding hills, negatively impact on this ecosystem. The wet zone Alaotra has been classified as an official Ramsar wetland site since 2003 and also as a SAPM protected area in January 2007 because of its ecological importance and its various threats to this ecosystem. The objective of this article is to present and describe the ecological model, which consists of the identification of the various ecological entities as well as their interdependence, in order to justify the wetlands classification as both a Ramsar and a New Protected Area site. The model has been adopted from Ogden (2005), and its ecological entities integrated in the conceptual model are derived from various research works conducted on the wet zone Alaotra. The model will be critically important in convincing the local authorities as well as the local communities to work together with the researchers, in order to implement the best conservation practices and ensure the sustainable management of the wet zone Alaotra. RESUME La zone humide d’Alaotra comprend le plus grand lac de Madagascar qui a une superficie de 20,000 ha ainsi qu’un marais d’une superficie de 23,000 ha. Elle est unique au monde par l’existence d’une faune endemique dont l’habitat est un marais compose d’une vegetation mono-specifique. La vie de la population depend de cette zone humide, si on ne prend en compte que la peche, l’agriculture, et l’economie de la region. Cependant, differentes pressions anthropiques affectent cet ecosysteme telles que la mise a feu du marais et la surpeche, la pollution du lac par l’utilisation des herbicides et la sedimentation a cause d’une forte erosion des bassins versants. Ces pressions causent des impacts sur la faune et la flore de la zone humide d’Alaotra. Cela entraine un changement environnemental de l’Alaotra, comme la fragmentation du marais, constatee depuis plus de dix ans, et un danger pour la vie de la population aussi bien dans le present que dans le futur. L’importance de cette zone humide ainsi que les differentes menaces dont elle est la cible, ont conduit a sa classification en tant que site Ramsar en 2003 et fait partie du Systeme Aire Protegee en janvier 2007. Cet article a pour objectif de decrire le concept de modele ecologique, qui consiste a identifier les differentes entites ecologiques ainsi que leur interdependance, afin de justifier son classement dans le site Ramsar et en Nouvelle Aire Protegee. Ces entites resultent des differents travaux de recherche effectues sur la zone humide Alaotra. Le modele adopte est celui d’Ogden (2005). Le modele ecologique present est une de cle principales de la restauration qui devrait permettre de convaincre les autorites locales ainsi que les villageois a assurer ensemble avec les chercheurs la meilleure conservation et la gestion durable de la zone humide Alaotra.

Concept de Modèle Ecologique pour la Zone Humide Alaotra