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In Madagascar, nature conservation and human livelihood security both appear as crucial imperatives. The degraded secondary forest remnant of Analalava, on the east coast, near Foulpointe, is a protected area since 2006. The long-term conservation of the site’s biodiversity can only be guaranteed by local support. Given that access to timber from native trees within the protected area is restricted, management of tree resources outside of the protected area represents a critical nexus between biodiversity conservation and human benefits linked to ecosystem services. We investigated and characterized the local farmer's use of available tree species, to provide a basis for satisfying the dual objectives of biodiversity conservation and sustainable and equitable rural development. Our results showed that local people are interested in various types of trees for timber, both native and introduced. Furthermore, they demonstrated detailed knowledge about silvicultural traits of a large number of tree species. Regarding the important complementarity of properties and uses recognized for native and introduced species we conclude that free distribution of nursery seedlings of fast-growing introduced tree species should not be the only alternative to logging within the protected forest fragment offered to local people. Instead, a larger choice of tree species, including native ones, should be proposed. The cultivation of this diverse mix would allow people to take a more active part in the preservation and restoration of natural capital at the landscape scale and could enlarge the range of benefits obtained from trees that they plant. RESUME A Madagascar, il est crucial de repondre au double imperatif de proteger la nature et d’assurer des moyens de subsistance aux populations. Analalava, ou se situe un fragment de foret secondaire degradee de la cote Est, a cote de Foulpointe, beneficie d’un statut de protection depuis 2006. La conservation a long terme de la biodiversite de ce site ne peut etre garantie sans la participation des populations. Etant donne l’acces restreint des populations a l’interieur de l’aire protegee pour l’exploitation du bois, la gestion des sources d’approvisionnement en bois de construction a l’exterieur du site represente un trait d’union entre la conservation de la biodiversite et les benefices fournis aux Hommes par les services ecosystemiques. Nous avons determine et caracterise les relations entre ces populations locales et les especes d’arbres qu’elles utilisent. Cette etude pourrait constituer une base a la mise en place d’une cooperation qui satisferait a la fois aux objectifs de conservation de la biodiversite et de developpement rural durable et equitable. Nos resultats montrent que pour les populations locales, le bois de differentes especes d’arbres, indigenes ou introduites, presente un interet pour la construction. En outre, les personnes interrogees ont montre une connaissance detaillee des traits sylvicoles d’un grand nombre d’especes. Devant la complementarite des especes indigenes et introduites en termes de proprietes et d’usages, nous concluons que la distribution gratuite de plantules d’especes introduites a croissance rapide ne devrait pas etre la seule alternative offerte aux populations locales a l’exploitation du fragment de foret protegee. Au lieu de cela, un choix plus large d’especes d’arbres, y compris d’especes indigenes, devrait etre propose. La plantation d’un melange de diverses especes permettrait ainsi aux populations de prendre part de maniere plus importante a la preservation et la restauration du capital naturel a l’echelle du paysage, et pourrait etendre la gamme de benefices qu’ils retirent des arbres plantes.

Complementarity of native and introduced tree species: Exploring timber supply on the east coast of Madagascar