English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a public health problem and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. PEM is linked with changes in biochemical and immunological parameters. This study aimed at determining the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines among healthy (control) children and those with PEM as diagnostic indicators for PEM. The study was conducted between December 2009 and June 2010 comprising a total of 115 children (35 controls and 80 malnourished children) aged between 8 – 36 months attending the Maternal and Child Health Hospital (MCHH), Kumasi. Anthropometric parameters including weight, height and mean-upper arm circumference as well as immunological and biochemical parameters (interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), albumin, total protein) were assessed among the studied population and the control group. After the analysis, 67.5% had marasmus, 18.8% had marasmic kwashiorkor and 13.8% had kwashiorkor. There were no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) in the mean total protein concentration of the subjects before (66.3± 1.6 g L-1) and after (69.6± 1.7 g L-1) nutritional supplement when compared to that of the controls (68.37± 1.4 g L-1) . Serum albumin concentration in the control group (43.2 ± 0.9 g L-1) was significantly higher than the concentration in the subject group before treatment (38.7 ± 0.9 g L-1, p=0.0027). The mean concentration of IL-6 in the subjects at baseline (46.1 ± 7.5 pg mL-1, p=0.0008) and after treatment (26.3 ± 5.2 pg mL-1, p=0.0148) were significantly higher than that in the control group. A 43.8% decrease in the mean concentration of IL-6 was observed after treatment. TNF-α concentration before treatment (82.1 ± 6.0 pg mL-1) was significantly higher when compared to the mean concentration in the control group (55.8 ± 2.2 pg mL-1). The study observed increases in pro-inflammatory response in malnourished children with IL-6 concentration being a significant indicator of PEM in the subjects compared to TNF- α. Journal of Medical and Biomedical Sciences (2012) 1(3), 21-28

Self–reported eye disorders and visual hazards among Ghanaian mine workers