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Objectifs: Cette etude vise a sauvegarder les connaissances endogenes sur l’utilisation des champignons de forets en Republique du Congo et a documenter scientifiquement ces ressources naturelles encore tres peu connues. Methodologie et Resultats: Les collectes opportunistes et les enquetes ethnomycologiques au sein des peuples autochtones Mbenzele et Ngombe ont permis de recueillir des informations sur les differents types d’usage des champignons, leurs noms vernaculaires et leur signification. Au total, 25 genres et 51 especes de champignons comestibles ont ete enregistres dans le milieu d’etude dont 32 ont ete citees lors des enquetes. Les genres les plus representees sont Cantharellus , Marasmius , Russula et Termitomyces . Trois especes sont utilisees dans la pharmacopee traditionnelle et sept ont fait l’objet de vente ou d’echange sous forme de Troc. Les connaissances sur les especes de champignons sont detenues par un petit groupe au sein des enquetes de chaque groupe ethnique. Les resultats de cette etude ne representant qu’environ 50% de la connaissance endogene de ces deux groupes ethniques etudies, poussent a intensifier des missions de terrain aupres de ces populations afin de conserver ces connaissances traditionnelles sur les Champignons Sauvages Comestibles (CSC). Conclusions et application des resultats. L’issue des tels travaux futurs sera la realisation d’un guide sur les CSC en Republique du Congo. Un tel ouvrage contribuerait a la meilleure connaissance de la mycoflore africaine. Mots cles: Bomassa, connaissances traditionnelles, Produits Forestiers Non Ligneux, macromycetes, Makao, Forets du Nord Congo, Troc English Title: Wild Edible Fungi and indigenous knowledge of Mbenzele and Ngombe populations in the Republic of Congo English Abstract Objectives: This study aims at safeguarding indigenous knowledge on the use of forest fungi and scientifically documenting those natural resources yet not very well known in the Republic of Congo. Methodology and Results: Opportunistic collecting and ethnomycological interviews in Mbenzele and Ngombe populations enabled to obtain information on the uses of fungi, their local names and meaning. In total, 25 genera and 51 species of edible fungi were recorded in the study area of which 32 were cited during interview. The most represented genera are Cantharellus , Marasmius , Russula et Termitomyces . Three species are used in traditional medicine and seven were sold or exchanged as in the form of barter. Knowledge on fungal species is hold by a small group of people within each ethnical group. Results of this study only representing about 50% of the indigenous knowledge of the ethnical groups studied lead to intensify fieldworks with those populations in order to conserve traditional knowledge on the Wild Edible Fungi (WEF) in the future. Conclusions et application of findings: The outcome of such works will be to produce a guide of WEF in the Republic of Congo. Such a document will contribute to a better understanding of the african mycoflora. Keywords: Bomassa, traditional knowledge, Non Woody Forest Products, macrofungi, Makao, Forests of Northern Congo, Barter

Les champignons sauvages comestibles et connaissances endogènes des peuples autochtones Mbènzèlè et Ngombe de la République du Congo