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Objectifs: Le present travail vise a etudier la denutrition et l’anemie chez les enfants de moins de 5 ans recus en consultation et/ou hospitalises au service de pediatrie de l’Hopital de Zone Abomey-Calavi / So-Ava dans le Departement de l’Atlantique au Sud du Benin Methodes et Resultats: L’etude est portee sur 301 enfants recus en consultation et/ou hospitalises et leurs meres sont soumises a un questionnaire elabore a cet effet. Les indices anthropometriques ont ete calcules a l’aide du logiciel WHO Anthro® (Version 3.2.2). Les donnees biologiques ont ete collectees dans les dossiers des enfants. 25,25% des enfants etaient emacies, 24,25% accusaient un retard de croissance et 31,89% presentaient une insuffisance ponderale. Par ailleurs, 56,48% des enfants souffraient de l’anemie. Parmi ceuxci, 30% presentaient une anemie severe, 13,53% une anemie moderee et 56,47% une anemie legere. 58,83% des enfants ont une anemie normochrome et 72,94% ont une anemie microcytaire. La cause principale de l’anemie identifiee est la carence en fer due a un apport insuffisant en fer et/ou une perte de fer par l’organisme causee par les infections parasitaires (paludisme, les vers intestinaux) et bacteriennes. Conclusion et Applications des resultats: Il ressort de cette etude, que la denutrition (sous ses differentes formes) et l’anemie nutritionnelle demeurent un probleme de sante publique au sein de la population infantile de la Commune d’Abomey-Calavi. Il est alors necessaire de renforcer les seances de sensibilisation et une education nutritionnelle de la population sur les bonnes habitudes alimentaires et hygieniques. Une politique en faveur de la supplementation en fer, du controle de paludisme et du deparasitage systematique des enfants permettrait de reduire l’incidence de l’anemie. Mots cles: Benin, etat nutritionnel, anemie nutritionnelle, carence en fer, education nutritionnelle English Title: Anemia in children under 5 received in consultation at the pediatric ward of Abomey-Calavi / So-Ava Zone Hospital (Southern Benin) English Abstract Objectives: The present work aims at studying malnutrition and anemia in children under 5 years of age received in consultation and / or hospitalized at the pediatric ward of Abomey-Calavi / So-Ava Zone Hospital in the Department of the Atlantic in southern Benin. Methods and Results: The study is carried out on 301 children received in consultation and / or hospitalized and their mothers are subjected to a questionnaire elaborated for this purpose. Anthropometric indices were calculated using the WHO Anthro® software. Biological data were collected from the children's files. 25.25% of the children were emaciated, 24.25% were stunted and 31.89% were underweight. In addition, 56.48% of children suffered from anemia. Of these, 30% had severe anemia, 13.53% had moderate anemia, and 56.47% had mild anemia. 58.83% of children have normochromic anemia and 72.94% have microcytic anemia. The main cause of the identified anemia is iron deficiency due to an insufficient dietary intake of iron and / or a loss of iron by the body caused by parasitic infections (malaria, intestinal worms) and bacterial infections. Conclusion and Applications of the results: It emerges from this study that malnutrition (in its various forms) and nutritional anemia remain a public health problem among the child population of the Commune of Abomey-Calavi. It is then necessary to reinforce the sensitization sessions and a nutritional education of the population on the good habits of food and hygienic. A policy favoring iron supplementation, and malaria control and deworming reduction systematic reduction of children would reduce the incidence of anemia Keywords: Benin, nutritional status, nutritional anemia, iron deficiency, nutritional education

Anémie chez les enfants de moins de 5 ans reçus en consultation au service de pédiatrie de l’Hôpital de Zone d’Abomey-Calavi/So-Ava (Sud du Bénin)