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Rhodanese is the major detoxifying enzyme for cyanide and requires sulphur for its action. Allium cepa(Onion) is rich in organosulphur which may serve as an antidote for cyanide poisoning by supplying sulphur tothe enzyme rhodanese. The possible effects of Allium cepa on rhodanese activity during cyanide toxicity wasinvestigated in male Wistar rats. Sixty Wistar rats (150-180 g) were divided into ten groups of six rats each.The first six groups were used for in vivo rhodanese activities evaluation after treatments orally with eitherKCN (7 mg/kg bwt/day KCN), KCN+300 mg Methanol Extract of Allium cepa (MEAC)/kg bwt/day,KCN+600 mg MEAC/kg bwt/day, KCN+ 600 mg sodium thiosulphate (Na2S2O3) /kg bwt/day or 600 mgMEAC /kg bwt/day respectively. The last four groups were used for the evaluation of half-life of KCN aftertreatment orally with distilled water (control), 600 mg MEAC/kg bwt/day, 600 mg Na2S2O3/kg bwt/day andraw onion adlibitum respectively for two weeks before intravenous injection of KCN. In vitro rhodaneseactivity was determined using liver homogenate. Results of the in vivo study showed liver rhodanese activitywas significantly higher (pu003c0.05) in the cyanide only group and in the cyanide + Na2S2O3 group whencompared with the control group, but administration of MEAC in the cyanide treated group did not enhance theactivities of rhodanese. The results of the in vitro study showed that rhodanese activity was more enhanced inthe presence of essential oil of onion and Na2S2O3. The half-life of KCN was significantly lower (pu003c0.05) withconsumption of raw onion when compared with control. The results suggest that Allium cepa enhance cyanidedetoxification by enhancing rhodanese enzyme activities. This effect is more pronounced with the essential oilof onion.

Effects of <i>Alium cepa Linn</i> on rhodanese activities and half-life of cyanide in the blood