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Au Cameroun, l’acces aux systemes d’alimentation en eau potable en milieu urbain apparait selectif. Les populations des quartiers situes en peripherie ont recours aux puits et sources pour assouvir leurs besoins. La presente etude a pour objectif d’evaluer la qualite physico-chimique et bacteriologique des eaux souterraines couramment utilisees dans quelques quartiers de l’arrondissement de Yaounde VII. 24 echantillons d’eaux preleves dans 6 sources (S1 a S6) et 2 puits (W1 et W2) ont ete analyses suivant des methodes normalisees. Les temperatures relevees, proches de celle de l’air, revelent le caractere libre des nappes etudiees. Celles-ci subiraient l’influence directe des eaux d’infiltration. Les stations S1, W1 et W2 presentent des valeurs en nitrates superieures a 50 mg/l (norme OMS). La consommation de leurs eaux expose la population jeune a la methemoglobinemie. Contrairement aux recommandations de la norme camerounaise, les indicateurs de pollution fecale et les bacteries du genre Salmonella, ont ete isolees dans les eaux analysees. Une analyse en composante principale ainsi qu’un dendrogramme ont permis de classer les points d’echantillonnage, selon l’ordre croissant de pollution organique suivant : {S6}, (S3, S4, S5), (S1, S2), {W1}, {W2}. Cependant, du point de vue pathogenique, S6, S3, S4, S5 sont les plus a craindre.Mots cles : Qualite des eaux, puits, sources, Yaounde, risques sanitaires. English Title: Physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of groundwater and health risks in some districts of Yaounde VII, CameroonIn Cameroon, access to drinking water supply systems in urban areas appears to be selective. The populations located in the peripheral zone use wells and springs to satisfy their needs. This study aims to assess the physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of the groundwater commonly used in some districts of Yaounde VII. 24 water samples taken from 6 sources (S1 to S6) and 2 wells (W1 and W2) were analyzed according to standardized methods. The temperatures recorded, close to that of the air, reveal the free nature of the aquifers studied which are directly influenced by the infiltration waters. Samples points S1, W1 and W2 presented concentration of nitrate above 50 mg/l (WHO standard). The consumption of their waters exposes young people to methemoglobinemia. On contrary to the recommendations of the cameroonian standard, the indicators of faecal pollution and bacteria of the genus Salmonella, were isolated in the waters analyzed. A principal component analysis as well as a dendrogram permit to classify the sampling points, according to the following increasing order of organic pollution: {S6}, (S3, S4, S5), (S1, S2), {W1}, {W2}. However, from a pathogenic point of view, S6, S3, S4, S5, are the most to be feared.Keywords: Water quality, Dug wells, spring, Yaounde, sanitary risks.

Qualité physico-chimique et bactériologique des eaux souterraines et risques sanitaires dans quelques quartiers de Yaoundé VII, Cameroun