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Dans la region de Tillabery au Sud-Ouest du Niger confrontee a des secheresses recurrentes, les especes agroforestieres comme Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) jouent un role important dans la vie des communautes locales. Le present article analyse les caracteristiques de Balanites aegyptiaca et son importance socioeconomique dans la region. L’etude se base sur des inventaires et des mesures dendrometriques menees dans les villages de Mari, Tamou Kaina, Kobio et Sansani Haoussa, et un total de 120 utilisateurs de Balanites aegyptiaca interviewes sur l’usage de l’espece. Les resultats montrent que Balanites aegyptiaca occupe le premier rang des essences ligneuses avec un taux d’occupation de l’espace de 93%. Les diametres varient de 24,25±0,7 a Tamou Kaina a30,60±1,9 a Sansane Haoussa. Les hauteurs varient de 5,30±0,1 a Mari et 6,16 ±1,6 a Tamou Kaina. Un indice de diversite de Shannon inferieur a 2,5 dans tous les sites indique une faible diversite. Les enquetes montrent que toutes les parties de Balanites aegyptiaca sont utilisees dans l’alimentation humaine et animale, dans les autres activites domestiques, therapeutiques et commerciales. Les fruits ont un d’usage plus important (80%) que les feuilles (60%), les racines (33%), le bois (53%), les ecorces (46%), les fleurs (33%) et les branches (33%). Les actions anthropiques et les pâturages des animaux sont les principaux facteurs qui menacent la population de Balanites dans la zone. Malgre cela, Balanites aegyptiaca reste une espece tres utilisee par les communautes locales, et pourrait contribuer a renforcer leur resilience face a l’insecurite alimentaire et a d’autres chocs. Mots cles : Caracterisation, Balanites aegyptiaca, Perception, Dendrometrie, Carbone Niger.   English title: Characterization of the population of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del and the perception of its socioeconomic potential in the southwestern part of NigerIn the region of Tillabery, in the South-western part of Niger confronted with recurrent drought, agroforestry species like Balanites aegyptiaca play an important role in the lives of local communities. The study is based on inventories and dendrometric measurements of trees conducted in the villages of Mari, Tamou Kaina, Kobio and Sansani Haoussa, and on interviews of 120 users of Balanites aegyptiaca on their usage of the species. Results show that Balanites aegyptiaca ranks first in the sites of Mari, Tamou Kaina, Kobio and Sansane Haoussa with an occupation rate of 93%. The average diameters ranged from 24.25 cm (± 0.7) at Tamou Kaina to 30.60 cm (± 1.9) at Sansani Hausa. Average heights ranged from 5.30 m (± 0.1) at Mari to 6.16 m (± 1.6) at Tamou Kaina. The Shannon Diversity Index of less than 2.5 found in all four sites, indicate a low diversity. Surveys carried out revealed that all parts of Balanites aegyptiaca are used in human and animal food, and in other domestic, medical and commercial activities. Fruits have a greater usage value (80%) than leaves (60%), roots (33%), wood (53%), bark (46%), flowers (33%) and branches (33%). Anthropic actions and pastures of animals are the main factors threatening the settlement of the species in the area. B. aegyptiaca remains a popular species among local populations and could contribute in reinforcing their resilience to food insecurity and other shocks.Keywords: Characteristic, Balanites aegyptiaca, Dendrometry, Perception, Socioeconomic factors, Niger.

Caractérisation de la population de Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del et la perception de son potentiel socioéconomique dans la partie Sud-Ouest du Niger