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L’incidence des bacilles a Gram-negatifs dans les affections pulmonaires de plus en plus importante, impose une prise de conscience des autorites sanitaires et l'elaboration de mesures efficaces de prevention et de controle. L’objectif etait de determiner, les caracteristiques epidemiologiques et therapeutiques, des infections dues aux bacilles Gram negatifs, isoles des prelevements pulmonaires des patients consultes. Il s’agit d’une etude prospective transversale, realisee en milieu hospitalier a Niamey, du 1 er octobre 2013 au 30 septembre 2016. La prevalence de l’infection etait de 21,55% dans la population d’etude. Elle etait communautaire dans 95,74%. La toux representait 90,22%. Les tuberculeux etaient les plus touches (27,65%), suivi des tabagiques (23,40%). L’examen bacteriologique a permis d’isoler 49 souches dont 28,57% etaient des bacilles enteriques ( Klebsiella penumoniae , Enterbacter cloacae , Escherichia coli , Serratia odorifera , Yersinia pseudotuberculosis , Klebsiella oxytoca ). Dans 71,43% il s’agissait d’autres bacilles ( Stenotrophomonas maltophilia , Acinetobacter baumannii , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Haemophilus influenzae ). La sensibilite des germes aux antibiotiques courants etait faible: la clotrimaxazole de 12/49 souches, l’amoxicilline de 5/16 souches, la ticarcilline de 12/44 souches. Cependant, l’infection touche plusieurs couches socioprofessionnelles, avec des prevalences plus remarquables avec certains facteurs de risques. La netilmicine a ete la molecule d’antibiotique vis-a-vis de laquelle les souches de bacteries ont presente une plus forte sensibilite. Une bonne connaissance de l'ecologie bacterienne pourrait ameliorer la prise en charge des pathologies pulmonaires, grâce a des donnees de bases et a leur mise a jour reguliere. © 2017 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Mots cles: Bacille Gram-negatif, poumon, epidemiologie, antibiogramme, Niamey English Title:  Gram negative rods isolated by examination of pulmonary samples in national hospital in Niamey (Niger): Epidemiological and therapeutic research English Abstract The incidence of Gram-negative rods is increasing in pulmonary diseases and requires awareness of health authorities and the development of effective prevention and control measures. The objective was to determine the epidemiological and therapeutic characteristics of infections due to Gram-negative bacilli isolated from the pulmonary samples of patients consulted. This is a prospective cross-sectional study carried out in hospitals in Niamey from 1 st October 2013 to 30 th September 2016. The prevalence was 21.55% in the study population. It was Community infection in 95.74%. Cough was 90.22% the most frequent clinical sign. The tuberculosis patients were the most represented (27.65%), followed by tobacco (23.40%). Bacteriological examination allowed to isolate 49 Gram-negative bacilli strains including in 28.57% enteric ( Klebsiella penumoniae , Enterbacter cloacae , Escherichia coli , Serratia odorifera , Yersinia pseudotuberculosis , Klebsiella oxytoca ). Other bacteria were found in 71.43% ( Stenotrophomonas maltophilia , Acinetobacte rbaumannii , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Haemophilus influenzae ). The sensitivity of germs to most usual antibiotics was reduced. Thus for clotrimaxazole of 12/49 strains, amoxicillin of 5/16 strains, ticarcillin of 12/44 strains. However, the infection affects several socio-professional groups, with more prevalent of some risk factors. Netilmicin was the antibiotic molecule against which strains of bacteria exhibited higher sensitivity. A good knowledge of bacterial ecology could improve with treatment baseline data and regular local updating. © 2017 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Keywords: Gram negative rods, lung, epidemiology, antibiogram, Niamey

international journal of biological and chemical sciences

Bacilles Gram négatifs isolées à l’examen des prélèvements pulmonaires en milieu hospitalier à Niamey (Niger): recherche épidémiologique et thérapeutique