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L’emergence et le developpement croissant de l’antibioresistance bacterienne constitue un probleme mondial. Ce travail vise a evaluer l’utilisation des antibiotiques par les fermiers et a determiner le profil de resistance des souches de Salmonella spp. et E. coli isolees des elevages aviaires des villes de N’Djamena et Doba au Tchad. Des enquetes ont au prealable ete menees, pour apprecier les connaissances des fermiers sur les antibiotiques utilises. Ensuite, la sensibilite des souches bacteriennes isolees aux antibiotiques a ete determinee par la methode standard de diffusion sur milieu gelose Mueller-Hinton. Les resultats ont montre que 61,5% des fermiers utilisaient au moins un antibiotique pour l’elevage avec des connaissances limitees sur la molecule. Des 105 isolats analyses, 90% de Salmonella spp. et 100% de E. coli etaient resistants a 15 des 18 antibiotiques utilises, soit un taux de resistance de 96,19%. Les taux de resistance les plus importantes de Salmonella spp. ont ete observees avec la Colistine Sulfate (36,56%) et la Tobramycine (10,75%). Pour E. coli  ces taux ont ete observes avec la Colistine Sulfate (23,72%), le Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprime (20,80%) et l’Oxytetracycline (16,78%). Contrairement aux souches de E. coli qui ont presente des taux de resistance de 5,47% aux quinolones, les souches de Salmonelles en sont restees largement sensibles (1,07%). Les phenotypes diversifies de resistance et les taux de resistance hautement significatifs (p<0,001) observes a N’Djamena et Doba incitent a une surveillance accrue de l’utilisation des antibiotiques en filiere avicole au Tchad. © 2017 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Mots cles: Salmonella, E. coli , serotype, antibiotique, resistance, exploitations avicoles English Title: Use of antibiotics and resistance profile of isolated Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli strains from poultry exploitations in cities of N’Djamena and Doba in Chad English Abstract Emergence and increasing evolution of the bacterial antibioresistance constitutes a worldwide problem. The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of antibiotics by farmers and determine the resistance profile of isolated Salmonella spp. and E. coli strains from poultry exploitations in cities of N’Djamena and Doba in Chad. Formal investigations were carried out so as to assess farmers’ knowledge about the antibiotic used. The sensitivity of isolated Salmonella spp. and E. coli to antibiotic was then determined using Mueller-Hinton standard agar diffusion method. Results indicate that 61.50% of farmers have limited knowledge on the use of at least one antibiotic in their farms. Out of 105 isolates, 90% of Salmonella spp. and 100% of E. coli were resistant to 15 of 18 antibiotics used, for a resistance rate of 96.19%. The most important resistances were observed with Colistin Sulfate (36.56%) and Tobramycin (10.75%) on Salmonella , compared to Colistin Sulfate (23.72%), Sulphamethoxazole-Trimethoprime (20.80%) and Oxytetracyclin (16.78%) on E. coli . In contrast to to E. coli which showed a resistance rate of 5.47% to quinolones, Salmonella strains were greatly sensitive to it (1.07%). The diversified resistance of phenotypes and the very significant resistance rate (p<0.001) observed in N’Djamena and Doba are insights for a larger monitoring of the use of antibiotics in the poultry exploitations in Chad. © 2017 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Keywords : Salmonella, E. coli , serotype, antibiotic, resistance, poultry exploitations

international journal of biological and chemical sciences

Utilisation des antibiotiques et profil de résistance des souches de &lt;i&gt;Salmonella&lt;/i&gt; spp. et &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt; isolées des exploitations avicoles des villes de N’Djaména et Doba au Tchad