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Au cours de prospections dans les formations forestieres du Sud et de l’Est du Burkina Faso, des champignons ectomycorhiziens du genre Scleroderma ont ete recoltes sous quatre Caesalpinioideae, Afzelia africana Sm., Isoberlinia doka Craib. & St apf., I. dalziellii Craib. & Stapf, et Berlinia grandiflora (Vahl) Hutch.; un Dipterocarpaceae, Monotes kerstingii Gilg. et deux Phyllanthaceae, Uapaca guineensis Mull. & Arg. et U. somon Aubr. & Lean. La description morphologique des carpophores et des spores de ces champignons a permis d’identifier deux especes definies (Scleroderma dictyosporum Pat et S. verrucosum Pers.) et quatre especes morphologiques non determinees (Scleroderma sp1, Scleroderma sp2, Scleroderma sp3 et Scleroderma sp4). Cependant, le sequencage de l’ITS (Espacer Interne Transcrit) et l’analyse phylogenetique de certains isolats (donnees non presentees) revelent plutot trois groupes d’especes morphologiques, S. verrucosum, S. dictyosporum, et Scleroderma sp2, suggerant que les especes du genre Scleroderma peuvent presenter diverses morphologies. Des isolements ont permis de mettre en culture 22 isolats, dont au moins un isolat par espece. L’etude de l’aptitude mycorhizogene de quelques isolats a montre que les Sclerodermes sont  peu specifiques avec un large spectre d’hote, et seraient donc des candidats indiques pour la mise en place de programme de mycorhization controlee en Afrique tropicale seche. Mots-cles : Ectomycorhizes, Scleroderma, Morphologie, Burkina Faso. During prospectings in the forests vegetation of the South and East of Burkina Faso, the ectomycorrhizal fungi of the genus S cleroderma were collected under four Caesalpinioideae, Afzelia africana Sm ., Isoberlinia doka Craib. and Stapf ., I. dalziellii Craib. and Stapf, and Berlinia grandiflora (Vahl) Hutch.; one Dipterocarpaceae, Monotes kerstingii Gilg. and two Phyllanthaceae, Uapaca guineensis Mull. and Arg. and U. somon Aubr. and Lean. The morphological description of sporocarps and spores of these fungi allowed identifying two defined species ( Scleroderma dictyosporum Pat. and S. verrucosum Pers.) and four morphological species not described (Scleroderma sp1, Scleroderma sp2, Scleroderma sp3 and Scleroderma sp4). However, the sequencing of the ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) region of some isolates (data not presented) reveal rather 3 groups of morphological species; S. verrucosum, S. dictyosporum and Scleroderma sp2 , suggesting that the species of the genus Scleroderma can present diverse morphologies. Twenty-two (22) isolates are maintained in pur culture with at least an isolate by specie. Survey of ectomycorrhizal status of some isolates showed that Scleroderma are less specific with a broad host range and would thus be candidates indicated for the implementation of controlled mycorhization program in dry tropical Africa.

Description Des Champignons Ectomycorhiziens Du Genre Scleroderma De Quelques Formations Forestieres Du Burkina Faso