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Hymenocardia acida commonly known as Jan yaro in hausa is used in traditional medicine for abdominal pain, menstrual pain, painful swellings and epileptic fits. The main objective of this study is to investigate the anticonvulsant property of ethanol stem bark extract of H. acida in mice and chicks. The tests employed include maximal electroshock test in chicks, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and strychnine-induced convulsion in mice. The intraperitoneal LD50 of the ethanol stem bark extract of H. acida was estimated to be 775 mg/kg body weight in mice. The extract produced no significant effect on the mean recovery time of convulsed animals in maximum electroshock test in chicks. The extract at 50 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg protected 33.3% and 50% of the mice respectively against pentylenetetrazole induced convulsion. The extract at 50 mg/kg protected 50% and at 100, 200 mg/kg protected 66.7% of seizures induced by 4-aminopyridine in mice. The extract (50 and 200 mg/kg) produced significant (p < 0.05) increase in mean onset of convulsion induced by 4-aminopyridine in mice. The extract at doses of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg protected 33.3% of the mice against strychnine induced convulsion. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, glycosides, saponins, tannins and flavonoids. The results revealed that ethanol stem bark extract of Hymenocardia acida possess bioactive compounds useful in the management of epilepsy.

Evaluation of anticonvulsant activities of ethanol leaf extract of <i>Hymenocardia acida</i> Tul (euphorbiaceae) in mice and chicks