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Blood transfusion is a life-saving treatment for severely anaemic children both in developed and developing countries. In this study we describe transfusions in paediatric settings of Gabon, Africa including clinical indications and subsequent outcomes.Methods: This prospective descriptive study was conducted in the cities of Libreville and Lambarene from 1 January to 30 September 2016.Children between the ages of 1 month and 15 years, who were hospitalised and transfused were included in the study.Results: We included 287 children who represented 17.1% of all hospitalised children. The male:female ratio was 0.95 and the average age was 3.7 years. Packed red blood cells (PRBC) were administered to 99.3% of anaemic patients. World Health Organization (WHO) defined severe anaemia (haemoglobin (Haemoglobin) <7 g/dL) was the main indication (95.1%) with the mean haemoglobin (Hb) level pretransfusion being 5.1 g/dL ± 2.7 g/dL, and post-transfusion haemoglobin gain being 2.9 g/dL ± 1.2 g/dL. Malaria was present in 79% of transfused patients and 46.9% of children screened were homozygous for sickle cell disease. No post-transfusion incident was reported although reporting may have been incomplete.Conclusion: Blood transfusion is frequent in our context; the clinical outcome is mostly favourable. French Title: Indication et Resultats de la Transfusion Sanguine Pediatrique Dans Trois Hopitaux au Gabon, en Afrique Introduction: La transfusion sanguine est un traitement salvateur pour les enfants gravement anemies dans les pays developpes ou endeveloppement. Dans cette etude, nous decrivons les transfusions en milieu pediatrique du Gabon, en Afrique, y compris les indicationscliniques et les resultats.Methodes: Cette etude descriptive prospective a ete realisee dans les villes de Libreville et Lambarene du 1er janvier au 30 septembre 2016.Les enfants âges de 1 mois a 15 ans, hospitalises et transfuses ont ete inclus dans l'etude.Resultats: Nous avons inclus 287 enfants qui representaient 17.1% de tous les enfants hospitalises. Le rapport garcons/filles etait de 0.95 etl'âge moyen etait de 3.7 ans. Des concentres de globules rouges (CGR) ont ete administres a 99.3% des patients anemiques. L’anemie definiepar l’Organisation Mondiale de la Sante (OMS) (hemoglobine <7 g/dL) etait la principale indication (95.1%), le taux moyen d'hemoglobine(Hb) avant transfusion etant de 5.1 g/dL ± 2.7 g/dL, et le gain d'hemoglobine apres transfusion etait de 2.9 g/dL ± 1.2 g/dL. Le paludisme etaitpresent chez 79% des patients transfuses et 46.9% des enfants depistes etaient homozygotes pour la drepanocytose. Aucun incident post transfusionnel n'a ete signale, bien que le signalement ait pu etre incomplet.Conclusion: La transfusion sanguine est frequente dans notre contexte; l'issue clinique est generalement favorable.

Indication and Outcomes of Paediatric Blood Transfusion at Three Hospitals in Gabon, Africa