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Poor quality complementary foods with low nutrient density and inappropriatefeeding practices have been identified among the major causes of malnutrition inyoung children. In many developing countries, complementary foods are introducedtoo early or too late and the quality and quantity of the foods are insufficient, leadingto a great risk of nutritional deficiencies during the second half of infancy. Most of thehabitually used complementary foods in developing countries are unfortified cerealbasedgruels characterised by low energy and nutrient density and are ofteninadequate in iron, zinc and pyridoxine and in some populations may be deficient inriboflavin, niacin, calcium, thiamine, folate, ascorbic acid and vitamin A.The aim of this study was to establish current complementary feeding practices ofmothers/caretakers living in a medium income urban community in Lusaka, Zambia.The study was the first phase of a larger study designed to develop improvedcomplementary foods based on already-in-use cereals and legumes for theimprovement of infant health in urban settings characterised by high HIV prevalence.Complementary feeding practices and nutrient intakes of children 6-18 months old inLusaka were assessed by qualitative and quantitative methods. Themes generatedfrom three focus group discussions (9 health workers, 7 mothers and 8 fathers) wereused to design a semi-structured questionnaire to interview 34 mothers, 20 of whomwere observed for 12 hours at home and their infant's dietary intake measured by 12-hweighed food record and 24-h recall, (assuming medium breast milk intake). Theresults showed that although mothers had wide knowledge of optimal infant feeding,actual practices were constrained by food cost, maternal HIV status and timeavailability. Compared with the recommended daily allowance (RDA) at 6-8, 9-11and 12-18 months of age, the daily nutrient intakes were 88%, 121% and 94% forenergy; 33%, 52% and 59% for iron and 30%, 33% and 38% for calcium,respectively. Fortification of complementary foods is necessary to meet infants' needsfor iron and calcium. Keywords : Complementary feeding, infants, iron, Zambia. AJFAND Vol. 8 (1) 2008 pp. 28-47

Complementary Feeding Practices And Nutrient Intake From Habitual Complementary Foods Of Infants And Children Aged 6-18 Months Old In Lusaka, Zambia