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La production de l’igname est confrontee a plusieurs contraintes dont la baisse de la fertilite des sols. Pour ameliorer le rendement de leurs cultures, les producteurs d’igname ont alors adopte plusieurs methodes de gestion. Cette etude a pour objectif d’analyser la rentabilite economique des systemes de production a base d’igname en relation avec les methodes de gestion de la fertilite des sols par les exploitants agricoles des communes rurales de Leo et Midebdo au Burkina Faso. Un essai de typologie des systemes de production a base d’igname a ete fait a l’aide d’une analyse en composante Principale (ACP) appliquee a un echantillon de 100 exploitants agricoles. Les resultats montrent qu’il existe deux systemes de production : i) un systeme semi-intensif et ii) un systeme extensif et itinerant. L’analyse de rentabilite economique par les indicateurs tels que la marge brute et le ratio benefice/cout, montre que le systeme de production semi-intensif semble plus rentable que le systeme extensif. Le ratio benefice/cout obtenu avec chacun des systemes de production est inferieur a 1, ce qui signifie que la production de l’igname dans ces conditions n’est pas economiquement rentable. Une politique de promotion de la culture de l’igname par l’adoption de fertilisants (organiques ou minerales) dans les systemes de production pour compenser la baisse de la fertilite des sols permettrait aux producteurs d’accroitre leurs productions et revenus. Mots cles:  Dioscorea, systeme de production, rentabilite, Burkina Faso English Title: Analysis of the economic profitability of yam-based production systems: the case of Leo and Midebdo sites in Burkina Faso English Abstract Face to the problem of soil infertility, several methods of soil fertility management are used by yam producers to improve their production. This study aims to analyze the economic profitability of yam production systems in relation to soil fertility management methods by farmers in the rural communes of Leo and Midebdo in Burkina Faso. A typology test of yam production systems was carried out using a statistical method based on multivariate analysis. The analysis was applied to a sample of 100 smallholders. The results showed that there were two production systems: i) a semi-intensive system and ii) an extensive and itinerant system. The economic profitability analysis by indicators such as gross margin and the cost/ benefit ratio indicated that the semi-intensive production system was more profitable than the extensive one. The cost/benefit ratio obtained with the two production systems was inferior to 1 indicating that yam production activity under these production systems conditions, was not economically profitable. A policy of promoting yam cultivation through the adoption of fertilizers (organic or mineral) in production systems to compensate for declining soil fertility would allow producers to increase their production and income. Keywords: Yam, production system, profitability, Burkina Faso

Analyse de la rentabilite economique des systemes de production a base d Igname : cas des sites de Leo et Midebdo au Burkina Faso