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Dioscorea alata L. is the most cultivated yam species in Cote d\'Ivoire. It rarely flowers and, as a result, is propagated through vegetative means. Fruit setting is not common because of the variation in ploidy within species. Anthracnose is the main desease of Dioscorea alata L. Flow cytometry was used to estimate the ploidy level of 43 accessions of D. alata . Susceptibility of these accessions to Anthracnose, the main disease on the tuber, caused by a fungus ( Colletotrichum gleosporioides ) and flowering abilities investigated and five ploidy levels were accessed. Sixty seven percent of the studied genotypes were found not susceptible to Anthracnose. Of the susceptible ones, only 5 % were severely damaged. Sixty-nine percent of the accessions did not flower. All male accessions (19 %) were tetraploid, whereas female (12 %) were either hexaploid (80 %) or tetraploid (20 %). Flowering clones were found to be not susceptible to anthracnose. Dioscorea alata L. est l\'espece d\'igname la plus cultivee en Cote d\'Ivoire. Son aire de culture couvre la quasitotalite du territoire. C\'est une des plus importantes plantes alimentaires. Les ignames sont reproduites par voie vegetative et la floraison est rare. La fructification est rare a cause de la variation du niveau de ploidieau sein des especes et des facteurs environnementaux. L\'anthracnose est la principale maladie chez l\'espece. La cytometrie en flux a ete utilisee pour estimer le niveau de ploidie de 43 accessions d\'igname de D. alata. La sensibilite a l\'anthracnose causee par Colletotrichum gleosporioides et la floraison ont aussi ete etudiees. Cinq niveaux (3,5x ; 4x ; 4,5x ; 6x et 8x) ont ete deceles. Soixante sept pourcent (67 %) des genotypes etudies n\'ont pas ete sensibles a l\'anthracnose. Parmi les clones sensibles seulement 5 % ontsubi une attaque severe. Soixante neuf pourcent des accessions n\'ont pas fleuri. Toutes les accessions mâles (19 %) sont tetraploides tandis que les femelles (12 % ) sont, soit hexaploides (80 %), soit tetraploides (20 %). Les clones floriferes n\'ont pas ete sensibles a l\'anthracnose. Keywords : Anthracnose, Dioscorea alata , flow cytometry, ploidy level, yam, Cote d\'Ivoire. Agronomie Africaine Vol. 19 (1) 2007: pp. 13-20

Ploidy Status Of <i>Dioscorea alata</i> L. And Its Relationship With Resistance To Anthracnose In Côte D\'ivoire