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Le cafe represente l\'un des produits echanges les plus importants dans le monde. La culture du cafeier C. canephora (robusta) constitue une importante source de revenus pour les pays producteurs. En Cote d\'Ivoire, le cafe et le cacao representent 20 % du Produit Interieur Brut, plus de 50 % des exportations et pres de 70 % de l\'epargne interieure. Cependant, les varietes utilisees de C. canephora ont une faible productiviteet ne repondent plus aux caracteristiques physiques, chimiques et organoleptiques. Pour resoudre ces problemes, un programme d\'amelioration du robusta a ete initie au Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA) de Divo, Cote d\'Ivoire. Les 15 descendances hybrides F1 de congusta issues d\'un plan factoriel complet 3 x 5, et 5 clones temoins dont trois de C. canephora et deux de congusta, ont ete evalues a partir des caracteres agronomiques, technologiques et de fertilite. Les resultats obtenus montrent quela descendance hybride 455 a une production importante equivalente a celle des clones temoins et la descendance 432 a les meilleures caracteristiques technologiques et de fertilite. La correlation positive et significative observee entre la production et le grade 2 signifie qu\'une production elevee conduit a une diminution de la taille des grains, caracteristique du cafe de Cote d\'Ivoire. Sur l\'ensemble des descendances etudiees, 21 ont ete selectionnees en fonction de leur production estimee a 2,0 t de cafe marchand / ha /an. Le gain de production de ces descendances se situe entre 16 et 87 % par rapport au temoin 461. Coffee represents one of the most important exchanged products in the world. The culture of C. canephora (robusta) constitutes an important source of incomes for the producing countries. In Ivory Coast, coffee and cocoa represent 20 % of the gross domestic product, more than 50 % of exports and close to 70 % of the interiorsaving. However, C. canephora varieties used by the farmers and at the National Center of Agronomic Research (CNRA) presented low yield and also very low physical and chemical characters. To assess these problems, a breeding program of the robusta was conducted at CNRA, Divo, Cote d\'Ivoire. The 15 progenies F1 hybrids of congusta used for this experiment were obtained by a 3 x 5 complete factorial design and three parents of C. canephora and two of congusta (five parents), were evaluated on the agronomic, technologicaland fertility characters. The results showed that only the progeny 455 produced high yield comparable to the yield of the parents while the progeny 432 presented high technological, chemical and fertility traits. A positive and significant correlation observed between the yield and the grade 2 means that a high yield leads to the reduction of the grain size. On the averaged, 21 progenies may be selected among the others on high yield basis. Genetic yield gain of these progenies was between 16 and 87 % in comparison with the best parent461. Keywords : Cafe, descendance, robusta, C. canephora, congusta, Cote d\'Ivoire Agronomie Africaine Vol. 18 (3) 2006: pp. 201-212

agronomie africaine

Amélioration génétique de Coffea canephora Pierre par hybridation interspécifique : étude de descendances de première génération de &lt;i&gt;Coffea canephora Pierre x Coffea congensis Froenhner&lt;/i&gt;