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Visual displays have been widely used to gain information. However, it is evident that visual displays in handheld mobile devices can be limited in the delivery of the full feelings of people. Thus, a haptic interface with tactile feedback can play an important role in the delivery of accurate and obvious feelings between human and machine [1]. In addition, a tactile sensation is about five times faster than a visual one [2]. A vibrating motor [3], solenoid type actuator, and piezoelectric actuator have been generally used until now to generate haptic feeling in mobile devices. Piezoelectric actuators with the advantages of low power consumption and a fast response time can produce various kinds of vibration for haptic feelings [4]. Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) composition ceramics, which have been widely utilized for piezoelectric device application, contain the toxicity of lead oxide. The use of these ceramics can cause serious environmental pollution and human health problems. In addition, it is very difficult to maintain the reproducibility of the original ceramic composition due to the fluctuation in composition of the ceramics caused by the rapid evaporation of PbO when sintered at temperatures above 1,000°C. Thus, PbO should be excessively added to prevent composition fluctuation in the manufacture of PZT system ceramics. It also can cause serious environmental problems. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new lead-free piezoelectric composition ceramics to replace PZT-based ceramics. Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics, such as tungsten bronze type, bismuth layered type, and alkaline niobate-based type ceramics, have been extensively studied for the replacement of lead-containing ceramics. However, it is difficult to obtain the dense lead-free piezoelectric ceramic using ordinary sintering methods due to the high volatility of alkaline elements at high temperatures. Therefore, the optimum sintering temperature plays an important role in obtaining excellent electrical properties. Accordingly, special manufacturReceived February 18, 2011; Revised March 16, 2011; Accepted March 17, 2011 Sang-ho Lee, Kab-Soo Lee, and Ju-Hyun Yoo Department of Electrical Engineering, Semyung University, Jecheon 390-711, Korea Dielectric and Piezoelectric Properties of (K0.5Na0.5) (Nb0.97Sb0.03)O3 Ceramics Doped with K4CuNb8O23

transactions on electrical and electronic materials/transactions on electrical and electronic materials

Dielectric and Piezoelectric Properties of (K0.5Na0.5) (Nb0.97Sb0.03)O3Ceramics Doped with K4CuNb8O23