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The caves of Meghalaya in India are some of the longest caves in the subcontinent that have so far received negligible attention of geomicrobiologists. The present work was undertaken to discover and explore bacterial biofilms of various textures and colors from five caves of Meghalaya in North-East India. There are no previous specific scientific investigations from three of the studied caves. Thirty-two different culturable bacterial species belonging to sixteen different genera were characterized. Based on molecular identification, the isolates were related to nearest taxa, with the majority belonging to Bacillus and Pseudomonas. The study also indicated the capabilities of the isolated microbial strains to precipitate calcite, providing evidence for biotic processes involved in the formation of natural speleothems. SEM studies revealed an array of crystal polymorphs generated in vitro by the isolated bacteria similar to the microscopic observations of speleothems. The EDX spectrum showed that the precipitated crystals were predominately composed of calcium carbonate. The results endorse the hypothesis that the isolated chemoheterotrophic bacterial species contribute to the process of cave-speleothem formation in a hypogean environment.

Culturable bacteria associated with the caves of Meghalaya in India contribute to speleogenesis