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We examined the spatial distributions and 14 C ages of sessile marine organisms in the submarine cave Ginama at Okinawa, Japan. The cave is the northernmost and only known submarine cave with an air chamber in the northwestern Pacific region. The upper limit of living individuals of the coralline sponges Acanthocaetetes wellsi and the bivalve Pycnodonte taniguchii in the cave is located at a depth of approximately 10 m relative to the surface of the pool in the cave. Low temperatures and low salinities prevent these organisms from colonizing water depths shallowerthan 10m. On the other hand, the upper limit of fossil individuals, dated between 5117 and 387 cal yr BP, is at a depth of 2.5 m, implying that at present the influence of fresh water on the cave pool is stronger than it has been at other times in the past 5000 years. This increase in the flux of fresh water may be explained by continuous cavern-forming activities such as dissolution.

journal of caves and karst studies/journal of cave and karst studies

Possible Cavern-Forming Activity at Millennial Time Scales and its Impact on Variations in Submarine Cave Environments and Habitat Availability, Okinawa, Japan