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According to the plate tectonics in a subduction region, a lithospheric plate is bent downwards at a trench. The trench forms an arc because the earth's surface is not flat [FRANK, 1968]. If the descending slab is not rigid, Frank's theory does not hold quantitatively. A theoretical investigation on the relation between the dip of a descending slab and the curvature of an associated trench is made for a few models of lithosphere. The dip of the slab is approximately equal to the radius of curvature of the trench, or is about a half of the dip expected from Frank's theory. If the lithosphere consists mainly of forsterite, the slab is downward concave until it reaches to a depth of about 400km. Below the depth a phase change of f orsterite gives rise to a large shear deformation or tearing of the slab. Otherwise the slab cannot penetrate into the mantle.

Pressure Effect on the Deformation of Slabs Descending below Island Arcs