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Static granular packs have been studied in the last three decades in theframe of a modified equilibrium statistical mechanics that assumes ergodicityas a basic postulate. The canonical example on which this framework is testedconsists in the series of static configurations visited by a granular columnsubjected to taps. By analyzing the response of a realistic model of grains, wedemonstrate that volume and stress variables visit different regions of thephase space at low tap intensities in different realizations of the experiment.We show that the tap intensity beyond which sampling by tapping becomes ergodiccoincides with the forcing necessary to break all particle-particle contactsduring each tap. These results imply that the well-known "reversible" branch oftapped granular columns is only valid at relatively high tap intensities.

Ergodic-nonergodic transition in tapped granular systems: The role of persistent contacts