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Water in plant xylem is often superheated, and therefore in a meta-stablestate. Under certain conditions, it may suddenly turn from the liquid to thevapor state. This cavitation process produces acoustic emissions. We report themeasurement of ultrasonic acoustic emissions (UAE) produced by natural andinduced cavitation in corn stems. We induced cavitation and UAE in vivo, inwell controlled and reproducible experiments, by irradiating the bare stem ofthe plants with a continuous-wave laser beam. By tracing the source of UAE, wewere able to detect absorption and frequency filtering of the UAE propagatingthrough the stem. This technique allows the unique possibility of studyinglocalized embolism of plant conduits, and thus to test hypotheses on thehydraulic architecture of plants. Based on our results, we postulate that thesource of UAE is a transient "cavity oscillation" triggered by the disruptiveeffect of cavitation inception.

Natural and laser-induced cavitation in corn stems: On the mechanisms of acoustic emissions