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The development of energy efficient air conditioning systems for electric vehicles is an ever increasing challenge, because the cooling as well as the heating of the passenger compartment reduces the cruising range dramatically. Almost always the compressor of the air conditioning system in electric cars is a scroll compressor with a separate electric motor and appropriate power electronics. However, this solution is critical in terms of the installation space, the weight and also the costs. Therefore, IAV is developing an innovative and energy efficient drivetrain structure for electric vehicles, which integrates the motor of the air conditioning compressor directly into the drivetrain of the vehicle. Thus it is possible to switch off the compressor motor and to use the main motor for the drive of the air conditioning compressor at certain driving situations. As a result, the operating point of the main motor can be shifted to a better efficiency. This leads to a reduced power loss and an enhanced cruising range. In addition, the compressor motor can be used to contribute to the powertrain of the vehicle, as well, if the efficiency of the compressor motor is higher than the efficiency of the main motor, e.g. in urban traffic. Thereby the efficiency and the cruising range of the vehicle can be increased. This contribution presents a new powertrain concept which realizes the above mentioned mechanical coupling of the main motor and the compressor motor. Moreover, the simulation models developed for the air conditioning system, the passenger compartment and the drivetrain of electric vehicles are introduced. These models were used to compare an electric vehicle equipped with the new powertrain concept with a common electric car with a separate scroll compressor. Both systems are evaluated by means of the achievable cruising range for different driving cycles and environmental conditions.

Comparison and Evaluation of a New Innovative Drive Concept for the Air Conditioning Compressor of Electric Vehicles