Open AccessDistribution Pattern of Plasmodium falciparum Chloroquine Transporter (pfcrt) Gene Haplotypes in Sri Lanka 1996–2006
Author(s) -
Jenny J. Zhang,
T. Niroshini Senaratne,
Rachel F. Daniels,
Clarissa Valim,
Michael Alifrangis,
Priyanie H. Amerasinghe,
Flemming Konradsen,
Rupika S. Rajakaruna,
Dyann F. Wirth,
Nadira D. Karunaweera
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
american journal of tropical medicine and hygiene
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.015
H-Index - 151
eISSN - 1476-1645
pISSN - 0002-9637
DOI - 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.11-0167
Subject(s) - plasmodium falciparum , haplotype , sri lanka , chloroquine , malaria , biology , virology , apicomplexa , distribution (mathematics) , gene , genetics , genotype , geography , immunology , tanzania , mathematics , environmental planning , mathematical analysis
Widespread antimalarial resistance has been a barrier to malaria elimination efforts in Sri Lanka. Analysis of genetic markers in historic parasites may uncover trends in the spread of resistance. We examined the frequency of Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine transporter (pfcrt; codons 72-76) haplotypes in Sri Lanka in 1996-1998 and 2004-2006 using a high-resolution melting assay. Among 59 samples from 1996 to 1998, we detected the SVMNT (86%), CVMNK (10%), and CVIET (2%) haplotypes, with a positive trend in SVMNT and a negative trend in CVMNK frequency (P = 0.004) over time. Among 24 samples from 2004 to 2006, we observed only the SVMNT haplotype. This finding indicates selection for the SVMNT haplotype over time and its possible fixation in the population.
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