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The impact of HIV infection on the burden of gastrointestinal pathogens in Myanmar is poorly defined. Stools of 103 HIV-infected and 105 HIV-uninfected adult outpatients at a tertiary referral hospital in Yangon were examined microscopically. Stool antigen tests for Helicobacter pylori infection were positive in 63/103 (61%) HIV-infected and 61/105 (58%) HIV-uninfected patients ( P = 0.65). Soil-transmitted helminth infections were much less common, occurring in 9/103 (9%) HIV-infected and 13/103 (13%) HIV-uninfected patients ( P = 0.50). One HIV-uninfected patient had Giardia duodenalis , but there were no cases of Strongyloides stercoralis , Entamoeba histolytica , Capillaria philippinensis , Isospora , Cyclospora , or Schistosoma infection in the entire cohort. Despite the high prevalence of H. pylori , only 1/208 (0.5%) had ever received eradication, compared with 159/208 (76%) who had ever been dewormed. Helicobacter pylori appears to be an underappreciated pathogen in Myanmar. Its strong association with gastric cancer and peptic ulcer disease necessitates a more aggressive approach to its management.

The Influence of HIV Status on the Burden and Clinical Manifestations of Gastrointestinal Pathogens in Yangon, Myanmar