The Influence of HIV Status on the Burden and Clinical Manifestations of Gastrointestinal Pathogens in Yangon, Myanmar

The impact of HIV infection on the burden of gastrointestinal pathogens in Myanmar is poorly defined. Stools of 103 HIV-infected and 105 HIV-uninfected adult outpatients at a tertiary referral hospital in Yangon were examined microscopically. Stool antigen tests for Helicobacter pylori infection were positive in 63/103 (61%) HIV-infected and 61/105 (58%) HIV-uninfected patients ( P = 0.65). Soil-transmitted helminth infections were much less common, occurring in 9/103 (9%) HIV-infected and 13/103 (13%) HIV-uninfected patients ( P = 0.50). One HIV-uninfected patient had Giardia duodenalis , but there were no cases of Strongyloides stercoralis , Entamoeba histolytica , Capillaria philippinensis , Isospora , Cyclospora , or Schistosoma infection in the entire cohort. Despite the high prevalence of H. pylori , only 1/208 (0.5%) had ever received eradication, compared with 159/208 (76%) who had ever been dewormed. Helicobacter pylori appears to be an underappreciated pathogen in Myanmar. Its strong association with gastric cancer and peptic ulcer disease necessitates a more aggressive approach to its management.