English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Microbiological water quality is usually assessed by the identification of Escherichia coli ( E. coli ), a fecal indicator. The hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) test is an inexpensive, easy-to-use, and portable alternative field-based water quality test. Our study evaluated the H 2 S test's effectiveness as a water quality indicator for diarrhea risk. Field workers collected stored drinking water samples for H 2 S analysis and detection of E. coli by membrane filtration and measured caregiver-reported diarrhea among children &lt; 5 years in the same households 1 month later. We assessed the association between the H 2 S test (incubated for 24 hours and 48 hours) and diarrhea prevalence, with 2-day and 7-day symptom recall periods ( N = 1,348). We determined the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value (PPV, NPV) of the H 2 S test compared with E. coli ( N = 525). Controlling for potentially confounding covariates, H 2 S-positive water (at 24 or 48 hours) was not associated with 2-day diarrhea prevalence (24-hour prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63-1.69; 48-hour PR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.58-1.38) or 7-day diarrhea prevalence (24-hour PR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.76-1.78; 48-hour PR = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.81-1.80). The sensitivity, PPV, and NPV of the H 2 S test was significantly higher when the H 2 S test was incubated for 48 versus 24 hours whereas specificity showed the opposite trend. H 2 S test sensitivity, PPV, and NPV increased with increasing E. coli levels, consistent with previous evidence that the H 2 S test is a useful water quality tool in high-contamination settings. However, our results suggest that the H 2 S test is not an effective indicator for waterborne diarrhea.

Effectiveness of the Hydrogen Sulfide Test as a Water Quality Indicator for Diarrhea Risk in Rural Bangladesh