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The expansion of the agglomeration between 1987 and 2010 resulted in an extension of the relatively warm surfaces. In summer, the urban heat island, deduced from the NOAA-AVHRR image, often reaches 5°C. However, an island of freshness is detected in the dense parts of the city around 10 am from Landsat TM images. These results are confirmed by car survey and stationary measurements of air temperature. The sea breeze limits the heating during the day near the coast. In the countryside, located in the periphery (about 10 km from downtown), the land breeze reached 2 m/s, while the calm prevailing in the dense parts of the city at night. The first results of the survey on consumption of electricity shows that the sensation of overheating and discomfort is more noticeable in dense neighbourhoods in the downtown area where the population is equipped with air conditioners and consumes twice electrical energy in summer than during other seasons.

climatologie

Évolution de la répartition spatiale des températures de l’air et de surface dans l’agglomération de Sfax entre 1987 et 2010. Impact sur la consommation d’énergie en été