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Snowpack variability from 1950 to 2016 in the European Alps under climate change: a review In the European Alps, air temperature warming has been particularly pronounced during the last decades, leading to glacier retreat and snowpack reduction as well as strong phenological shifts for numerous plant and animals. This observed decline of the snowpack is a major cause of concern, as mountains areas are humanly and economically of great importance (water supply, winter tourism), but also for ecosystems, as mountain regions are biodiversity hotspots. A large number of studies across the world already show climatic changes and snowpack reduction in mountain areas since the 1950s, particularly at low and mid-elevations, but only few overviews have so far synthetized all the observed changes in snowpack and their relation with climate change. This review aims to summarize snowpack variability since the XX century in the European Alps, and its connection with climatic changes over the same period. Some of the impacts on hydrology, winter tourism and ecosystems that have been already reported will also be presented, as well as future projections of snowpack changes. Overall, this review provides a valuable source of information for future research focusing on snowpack seasonality and its implications in mountain regions, particularly in alpine and subalpine areas.

Variabilité du manteau neigeux des Alpes Européennes entre 1950 et 2016 dans un contexte de changement climatique : revue bibliographique