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Catheter Intervention for Coronary Artery Disease: the Present Situation and Future of Percutaneus Coronary Intervention in Japan Tadateru TAKAYAMA, Takafumi HIRO, Satoshi SAITO and Atsushi HIRAYAMA Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is now challenging coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) as the gold standard of care for patients with multi-vessel disease. However, the application of PCI to these patients has been limited by restenosis. Up to the beginning of 2000s, many large-scale, randomized trials addressed this issue by comparing CABG to PCI with balloon angioplasty or bare-metal stents. These trials took place not only in western countries but also in Asian countries. These studies reported similar rates of death and myocardial infarction in both groups, while the need for revascularization remained significantly lower in the CABG group. PCI with drug-eluting stent (DES) is safe and greatly decreased the restenosis rates. Indication of PCI has been extended by using DES. Therefore, PCI has been chosen as the treatment for patients with multi-vessel disease, left main disease and the other complex lesions rather than conventional bypass surgery. Therefore, in this report, the present situation of PCI and the future prospects for PCI in Japan are described. Finally, it might be important for interventional cardiologists and cardiovascular surgeons to discuss revasucularization strategies for each patient with coronary artery disease.