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The diet and activity patterns of a group of black howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) were monitored on the left bank of the Aquidauana river over 11 months, from September 2008 to July 2009. The group was composed of eight individuals, two adult males, three females and three immature including subadults and infants. Quantitative data were collected using scan sampling method for 5 minutes with an interval of 15 minutes. The general activities budget (n = 6434 records) was 64.7% rest, 18.5% travel, 10.1% feeding, 4.4% for social behavior and 2.3% for miscellaneous behaviors. The level of rest was similar to patterns of genus (64.7%). The diet (n = 606 records) was composed mainly of leaves (72.8%) and flowers (14.8%) and supplemented by fruits (8.2%) and buds (4.2%). The consumption of reproductive parts of plants, especially flowers, was relatively high by the standards of southerly populations of the species. Members of the group rested significantly less than feed during the rainy season. The diet was marked by the consumption of leaves throughout the study. The consumption was higher in the dry at flowers (17.8%) and fruits in the rainy season (12.9%). It also registered a substantial difference in the behavior of adults and immature individuals, where the first rested significantly more, but spent less time in other categories: food, travel and social interactions. Given this, it's likely that the general budget was under the influence of group's composition, where there was a predominance of mature members, a typical pattern in the genus. The results indicate patterns of behavior  and diet that are typical to the genus but marginal for the species. The contrasts can be related mainly to the geographic location of the area of the study, the ecotone Cerrado-Pantanal, and concomitant ecological differences. There is a clear need to continue the studies of A. carayain the Bororo region, not only for a more systematic assessment of their ecological patterns, but also to contribute to the development of conservation strategies. O comportamento e a ecologia de um grupo de bugios-pretos ( Alouatta caraya) foram monitorados na margem esquerda do rio Aquidauana ao longo de 11 meses, de Setembro de 2008 a Julho de 2009. O grupo era composto nove individuos, dois machos adultos, tres femeas adultas e quatro imaturos entre subadultos, jovens e filhotes. Dados quantitativos foram coletados em varreduras de 5 minutos, com intervalo de 15 minutos. O orcamento geral de atividades (n = 6434 registros) foi de 64,71% para o descanso, 18,54% para o deslocamento, 10,13% para alimentacao, 3,20% para o comportamento social e 3,42 para outros. O nivel de descanso foi similar aos padroes do genero (64,71%). A dieta (n = 556 registros) foi composta, principalmente por folhas (72,83%) e flores (14,85%) e completada por frutos (8,20%) e brotos (4,02%). O consumo de partes reprodutivas de plantas, principalmente flores, foi relativamente alto para os padroes das populacoes mais meridionais da especie. Os membros do grupo descansaram significativamente mais e esse alimentaram menos na estacao chuvosa. A dieta foi marcada pelo consumo de folhas ao longo do estudo. A ingestao de flores foi maior na seca (17,84%) e a de frutos na chuvosa (12,99%). Foi registrada, tambem, uma diferenca consideravel no padrao comportamental de adultos e imaturos onde os primeiros descansaram significativamente mais, mas gastaram menos tempo nas demais categorias: alimentacao, deslocamento e interacoes sociais. Frente a esta situacao, parece provavel que o orcamento geral sofreu a influencia da composicao do grupo, onde predominaram os membros imaturos, um padrao atipico no genero. Apesar de constituir um trabalho ainda preliminar, os resultados indicam padroes de comportamento e dieta tipicos do genero Alouatta , embora marginais para a especie. Os contrastes podem estar relacionados principalmente em relacao a localizacao geografica mais setentrional da area de estudo em areas de ecotonos Cerrado-Pantanal e diferencas ecologicas concomitantes. E clara a necessidade de dar continuidade aos estudos de A. caraya na regiao Bororo, nao somente para uma avaliacao mais sistematica de seus padroes ecologicos, como tambem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de estrategias de conservacao. PALAVRAS-CHAVE : Alouatta; bugios-bretos; biologia animal; ecologia comportamental; Cerrado & Pantanal

oecologia australis

DIET AND ACTIVITY PATTERNS OF BLACK HOWLER MONKEYS ALOUATTA CARAYA (HUMBOLDT, 1812, PRIMATES, ATELIDAE) IN ECOTONE CERRADO-PANTANAL IN THE LEFT BANK OF AQUIDAUANA RIVER, MATO GROSSO DO SUL, BRAZIL