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Sugarcane breeding under climatic conditions of Pakistan  is very difficult due to unavailability of viable fuzz (seed). Somaclonal  variation can provide an alternative for improvement of existing genotypes. Six  hundred and twenty-seven somaclones were developed from sugarcane genotype  S97US297, and protocols for callogenesis and organogenesis were developed using  Murashige and Skoog medium. Two types of explants, leaf and pith, and two  auxins, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and indole-3-acetic acid, were tested  to optimize callogenesis for root establishment. Leaves as explants with 3.0  mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid gave the best results, both for callus  induction and proliferation. Half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium with 1.5  mg/L indole-3-butyric acid proved to be the best for rooting. Red rot-resistant  somaclones of the R(2) generation along with the parent were assessed for  genetic variability at the molecular level using RAPD and SSR markers.  Polymorphism based on RAPD and SSR was 32 and 67%, respectively. Polymorphic information  content ranged from 0.06-0.45 for RAPD and 0.06-0.47 for SSR. We conclude that  somaclonal variation of sugarcane varieties is sufficient to allow selection.

Variability of red rot-resistant somaclones of sugarcane genotype S97US297 assessed by RAPD and SSR