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Ferritin is a conserved iron-binding protein involved in host defense and cellular iron metabolism in most organisms. We investigated the expression profiles of two ferritin genes (designated HsFer-1 and HsFer-2) in the hemocytes, gonad, and hepatopancreas of Hyriopsis schlegelii, when challenged with bacteria and metal ions. HsFer gene transcription increased 1.8-7.7- and 1.9-6.1-fold in these tissues after stimulation with Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio anguillarum, respectively. In addition, following exposure to Fe 3+ , expression of HsFer-1 and HsFer-2 was elevated by 1.5-6.1- and 3.6-10.1-fold, respectively. Levels of HsFer-1 and -2 mRNA also increased significantly after treatment with Cu 2+ and Pb 2+ at certain concentrations. Moreover, recombinant HsFer-1 and -2 were able to inhibit the growth of two strains of bacteria, and the former efficiently chelated Fe 3+ . From these results, we conclude that HsFer-1 and -2 may be involved in iron metabolism and immune defense by inhibiting the growth of bacteria.

Immunological function and antibacterial activity of two ferritin proteins from the freshwater pearl mussel Hyriopsis schlegelii