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Intramuscular fatty acid (FA) is related to meat qualities such as juiciness, tenderness, palatability, and shear force. PPARα plays an important role in lipid metabolism in the liver and skeletal muscle. This study investigated FA composition in yaks and cattle, in order to ascertain whether a correlation between PPARα signal pathway genes as candidate genes and meat FA composition in yaks and cattle exists. Statistical analyses revealed that levels of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in yaks were significantly higher than those in cattle (P &lt; 0.01), whereas saturated fatty acid (SFA) levels were significantly lower than those in cattle (P &lt; 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of FABP4 (P &lt; 0.05), SCP2 (P &lt; 0.05), and APOA1 (P &lt; 0.01) in yaks were significantly lower than those in cattle. However, LPL expression in yaks was significantly higher than that in cattle (P &lt; 0.05). In yaks, the expression levels of FABP3 (P &lt; 0.05) and LPL (P &lt; 0.01) were negatively correlated with MUFA, and those of FABP4 and SCD were positively correlated with PUFA (P &lt; 0.01). In cattle, the mRNA level of PLTP was positively correlated with SFA (P &lt; 0.05), and LPL was positively correlated with MUFA (P &lt; 0.05). These results suggest that these genes may participate in the regulation and control of intramuscular FA metabolism in yaks, so they could be used as candidate markers to improve yak meat quality.

PPARα signal pathway gene expression is associated with fatty acid content in yak and cattle longissimus dorsi muscle