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Distributed  along the coastal waters of Korea and China,  Octopus  minor is found in  various habitats, including the mud flats in  the southern and western coasts of  the Korean Peninsula and the rocky areas around Jeju Island; however,  the genetic relationships among  the different populations are  unknown and have not been studied. We  compared 630-nucleotide sequences of  the CO1 gene from O. minor  specimens collected from five  regions around the Korean Peninsula  and three regions from eastern China  in order to determine population  structure and genetic relationships. Based on the sequences at 12  polymorphic sites in this region, 11 haplotypes were identified from  85 specimens. Individuals from Jeju  Island had unique haplotypes, including two haplotypes not found  in the other populations. Nucleotide and haplotype diversity for all populations ranged from 0.03-0.37 and 0.20-0.64, respectively.  Pairwise F(ST) values indicated significant  genetic differences in populations  from Korea and China. An UPGMA  dendrogram showed separation of the  eight populations into three  clusters; one included only the Jeju  population, another included the rest  of the Korean populations and some  from Dalian, China; a third cluster  consisted of two other populations  from China. We conclude that there are discrete genetic differences in O. minor from the  different habitats,  suggesting that the populations  should be considered as management  units in the ongoing recovery  program.

genetics and molecular research

Genetic differentiation of octopuses from different habitats near the Korean Peninsula and eastern China based on analysis of the mDNA cytochrome C oxidase 1 gene